RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY OF APICAL MERISTEMS OF PLAGIOTROPIC BRANCHES OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

Araucaria angustifolia apresenta redu\ue7\ue3o da taxa de crescimento durante o ano, podendo ser resposta \ue0s condi\ue7\uf5es ambientais desfavor\ue1veis, como ocorre nas fruteiras de clima temperado, que apresentam dorm\ueancia de gemas como forma de sobreviv\ueancia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a din\ue2mica da atividade respirat\uf3ria de meristemas apicais de ramos plagiotr\uf3picos de Araucaria angustifolia. Foram coletadas amostras de 0,4 g de brota\ue7\uf5es terminais de ramos plagiotr\uf3picos de plantas jovens e adultas, as quais foram mantidas em 5 mL de solu\ue7\ue3o de cloreto de 2,3,5 trifeniltetraz\uf3lio (1,2%) em sala de crescimento a 25\ub0C. Em seguida, foram mantidas em 4 mL de \ue1lcool et\uedlico absoluto para leitura por espectrofotometria da absorb\ue2ncia a 560 nm. A atividade respirat\uf3ria de meristemas apicais de ramos plagiotr\uf3picos de Araucaria angustifolia \ue9 vari\ue1vel durante o ano. A maior atividade respirat\uf3ria ocorre na metade da primavera e a menor atividade respirat\uf3ria ocorre no inverno, em plantas jovens e adultas. Plantas adultas permanecem em alta atividade respirat\uf3ria por um per\uedodo maior, at\ue9 o in\uedcio do ver\ue3o.Araucaria angustifolia decreases its growth ratio during the fall and winter in response to adverse environmental conditions such as in temperate fruits where bud dormancy as a survival startegy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the respiratory activity of apical meristems of plagiotropic branches of Araucaria angustifolia. To determine the respiratory activity, samples with 0.4 g of apical buds of plagiotropic branches of young and adult plants were collected. These buds were maintained during two hours in 5 mL of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (1.2%) in a growth room at 25 \ub0C. Then, it was maintained during one hour in 4 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and then the absorbance was determined by reading in spectrophotometer at 560 nm. The respiratory activity of apical meristems of plagiotropic branches of Araucaria angustifolia changed during the year, reducing in mid-spring and become lower in the winter in both young and adult plants. Adult plants remained with lower respiratory activity for a longer period, until the beginning of summer

Feeding spectra and activity of the freshwater crab Trichodactylus kensleyi (Decapoda: Brachyura: Trichodactylidae) at La Plata basin

Background: In inland water systems, it is important to characterize the trophic links in order to identify the ‘trophic species’ and, from the studies of functional diversity, understand the dynamics of matter and energy in these environments. The aim of this study is to analyze the natural diet of Trichodactylus kensleyi of subtropical rainforest streams and corroborate the temporal variation in the trophic activity during day hours. Results: A total of 15 major taxonomic groups were recognized in gut contents. The index of relative importance identified the following main prey items in decreasing order of importance: vegetal remains, oligochaetes, chironomid larvae, and algae. A significant difference was found in the amount of full stomachs during day hours showing a less trophic activity at midday and afternoon. The index of relative importance values evidenced the consumption of different prey according to day moments. Results of the gut content indicate that T. kensleyi is an omnivorous crab like other trichodactylid species. Opportunistic behavior is revealed by the ingestion of organisms abundant in streams such as oligochaetes and chironomid larvae. The consumption of allochthonous plant debris shows the importance of this crab as shredder in subtropical streams. However, the effective assimilation of plant matter is yet unknown in trichodactylid crabs. Conclusions: This research provides knowledge that complements previous studies about trophic relationships of trichodactylid crabs and supported the importance of T. kensleyi in the transference of energy and matter from benthic community and riparian sources to superior trophic levels using both macro- and microfauna.Fil: Williner, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; ArgentinaFil: de Azevedo Carvalho, Debora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Collins, Pablo Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentin

Analysis of the distortional buckling mode of perforated elements using the direct strength method.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo te?rico e num?rico da influ?ncia de perfura??es no comportamento e capacidade resistente de pilares em perfis formados a frio submetidos a compress?o. Pilares com diferentes se??es transversais e perfura??es foram avaliados numericamente via ANSYS e GBTul, com ?nfase no modo de instabilidade distorcional. As for?as ?ltimas da an?lise num?rica foram comparadas ?s equa??es do M?todo da Resist?ncia Direta (MRD) da ABNT NBR 14762:2010. Finalmente, foram propostas adequa??es ?s equa??es do MRD para possibilitar o dimensionamento de pilares que apresentam se??es com a tipologia de perfura??es estudadas.This work presents a theoretical and numerical study on the influence of perforations on the behavior and strength of cold?formed steel columns subjected to compression. Members of different cross?sections and perforations were evaluated numerically via ANSYS and GBTul, with emphasis on distortional buckling mode. The ultimate loads of the numerical analysis were compared to the Direct Strength Method (DSM) equations of ABNT NBR 14762:2010. Finally, changes were proposed in the DSM equations so it is possible calculate the predicted compressive strengths of columns with perforated cross?sections studied

Author correction : a global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space

Correction to: Scientific Data https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0344-7, published online 08 January 202

Author correction : a global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space

Correction to: Scientific Data https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0344-7, published online 08 January 202

Non-hematopoietic cells contribute to protective tolerance to Aspergillus fumigatus via a TRIF pathway converging on IDO

Innate responses combine with adaptive immunity to generate the most effective form of anti-Aspergillus immune resistance. Whereas the pivotal role of dendritic cells in determining the balance between immunopathology and protective immunity to the fungus is well established, we determined that epithelial cells (ECs) also contributes to this balance. Mechanistically, EC-mediated protection occurred through a Toll-like receptor 3/Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon (TLR3/TRIF)-dependent pathway converging on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) via non-canonical nuclear factor-?B activation. Consistent with the high susceptibility of TRIF-deficient mice to pulmonary aspergillosis, bone marrow chimeric mice with TRIF unresponsive ECs exhibited higher fungal burdens and inflammatory pathology than control mice, underexpressed the IDO-dependent T helper 1/regulatory T cell (Th1/Treg) pathway and overexpressed the Th17 pathway with massive neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs. Further studies with interferon (IFN)-?, IDO or IL-17R unresponsive cells confirmed the dependency of immune tolerance to the fungus on the IFN-?/IDO/Treg pathway and of immune resistance on the MyD88 pathway controlling the fungal growth. Thus, distinct immune pathways contribute to resistance and tolerance to the fungus, to which the hematopoietic/non-hematopoietic compartments contribute through distinct, yet complementary, roles.We thank Cristina Massi Benedetti for digital art and editing. This work was supported by the Specific Targeted Research Project 'Sybaris' (LSHE-CT-2006), contract number 037899 (FP7) and by the Italian Projects PRIN 2007KLCKP8_004 (to LR) and 2007XYB9T9_001 (to SB). CC and AC were financially supported by fellowships from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal (contracts SFRH/BD/65962/2009 and SFRH/BPD/46292/2008, respectively)